A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail. Once postal codes were introduced, other applications became possible.

In February 2005, 117 of the 190 member countries of the Universal Postal Union had postal code systems. Countries that do not have national systems include Ireland and Panama. Although Hong Kong and Macau are now Special Administrative Regions of China, each maintains its own long-established postal system, which does not utilize postal codes for domestic mail, and no postal codes are assigned to Hong Kong and Macau. Mail between Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China is treated as international.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.

Terms

There are a number of colloquial terms for ''postal code''.

; ''postal code'': The general term is used directly in Canada. ; ''postcode'': This portmanteau is popular in many English-speaking countries. ; ''ZIP code'': The standard term in the United States and the Philippines; ''ZIP'' is an acronym for ''Zone Improvement Plan''. ; ''PIN code'' / ''pincode'': The standard term in India; ''PIN'' is an acronym for ''Postal Index Number''.

History

Postal codes were first introduced in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1932, but the system was abandoned in 1939. The next country to introduce postal codes was Germany in 1941, followed by Argentina in 1958, the United Kingdom in 1959, the United States in 1963 and Switzerland in 1964.

Presentation

Character sets

The characters used in postal codes are

The arabic numerals "0" to "9"

Letters of the Basic Latin alphabet,

space " ",

hyphen "-"

Reserved characters

Postal codes in the Netherlands originally did not use the letters 'F', 'I', 'O', 'Q', 'U' and 'Y' for technical reasons. But as almost all existing combinations are now used, these letters were allowed for new locations starting 2005. The letter combinations SS, SD and SA are not used for historical reasons.

Postal codes in Canada do not include the letters D, F, I, O, Q, or U, as the OCR equipment used in automated sorting could easily confuse them with other letters and digits. The letters W and Z are used, but are not currently used as the first letter.

Alphanumeric postal codes

Most of the postal code systems are numeric, only a few are alphanumeric (i.e. use both letters and digits). Alphanumeric systems can, given the same number of digits, encode many more locations. They are often more precise, as is the case in the United Kingdom or in the Netherlands, where a postal code corresponds to a street or even a building, meaning the post code and the number of the home/business is all that is needed for accurate delivery. However, there is no ''a priori'' reason why numeric postal codes cannot be equally precise, as illustrated by 9- and 11-digit codes in the United States. The independent nations using alphanumeric postal code systems are:

Argentina (see table)

Brunei (see table)

Canada (see table)

Jamaica (see postal codes in Jamaica)(suspended in 2007 )

Malta (see table)

Netherlands (see table)

United Kingdom (see table)

Venezuela (look up at http://www.ipostel.gob.ve/nlinea/codigo_postal.php).

Country code prefixes

Usage of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes was recommended to be used starting in 1994, but they have not become widely used. The European Committee for Standardization recommends use of ISO Alpha-2 codes for international postcodes and a UPU guide on international addressing states that "administrations may recommend" the use of ISO Alpha-2 codes.

Andorra, Ecuador, Latvia, Moldova, Slovenia use the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 as prefix in their postal codes.

In some countries (such as those of continental Europe, where a postcode format of four or five numeric digits is commonly used) the numeric postal code is sometimes prefixed with a country code to avoid confusion when sending international mail to or from that country. Recommendations by official bodies responsible for postal communications are confusing regarding this practice. For many years, licence plate codes — for instance "D-" for Germany or "F-" for France — were used, although this was not accepted by the Universal Postal Union (UPU).

Placement of the code

Postal services have their own formats and placement rules for postal codes. In most English-speaking countries, the postal code forms the last item of the address, following the city or town name, whereas in most continental European countries it precedes the name of the city or town.

When it follows the city it may be on the same line or on a new line.

In Japan, China, Korea and the Russian Federation, it is written more to the beginning of an address.

Geographic coverage

Postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas. Sometimes codes are assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, e.g. government agencies or large commercial companies. One example is the French Cedex system.

Postal zone numbers

Before postal codes as described here were used, large cities were often divided into ''postal zones'' or ''postal districts'', usually numbered from 1 upwards within each city. The newer postal code systems often incorporate the old zone numbers, as with London postal district numbers, for example. Ireland still uses postal district numbers in Dublin. In New Zealand, Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch were divided into postal zones, but these fell into disuse, and have now become redundant as a result of a new postcode system being introduced.

Codes defined along administrative borders

Some postal code system, like the one of Ecuador and Costa Rica show an exact agreement with the hierarchy of the administrative country subdivisions.

Format of 6 digit numeric (8 digit alphanumeric) postal codes in Ecuador, introduced in December 2007: ECAABBCC : EC - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code : AA - one of the 24 provinces of Ecuador (24 of 100 possible codes used = 24%) : BB - one of the 226 cantons of Ecuador (for AABB 226 of 10000 codes used , i.e. 2.26%. Three cantons are not in any province) : CC - one of the parishes of Ecuador.

Format of 5 digit numeric Postal codes in Costa Rica, introduced in 2007: ABBCC : A - one of the 7 provinces of Costa Rica (7 of 10 used, i.e. 70%) : BB - one of the 81 cantons of Costa Rica (81 of 1000 used, i.e. 8.1%) : CC - one of the districts of Costa Rica. In Costa Rica these codes are also used by the National Institute for Statistics and Census (INSEC).

The first two digits of the postal codes in Turkey correspond to the provinces and each province has assigned only one number. They are the same for them as in ISO 3166-2:TR.

The first two digits of the postal codes in Vietnam indicate a province. Some provinces have one, other have several two digit numbers assigned. The numbers differ from the number used in ISO 3166-2:VN.

Codes defined close to administrative borders

In France the numeric code for the departments is used in the first digits of the postal code, except for the two departments in Corsica that have codes 2A and 2B and use 20 as postal code. Furthermore the codes are only the codes for the department in charge of delivery of the post, so it can be that a location in one department has a postal code starting with the number of a neighbouring department.

Codes defined indirectly to administrative borders

The first digit of the postal codes in the United States defines an area including several states. From the first three digits (with some exceptions), one can deduce the state.

Codes defined independently from administrative borders

The first two digits of the postal codes in Germany define areas independent from administrative regions. The coding space of the first digit is fully used (0-9); that of the first two combined is utilized to 89%, i.e., there are 89 postal zones defined. Zone 11 is non-geographic.

The UK post designed the postal codes in the United Kingdom mostly for efficient distribution. Nevertheless, with time, people associated codes with certain areas, leading certain people wanting or not wanting to have a certain code. See also postcode lottery.

Precision

Netherlands

Postal codes in the Netherlands are alphanumeric, consisting of four digits followed by a space and two letters (NNNN AA). Adding the house number to the postcode will identify the address, making the street name and town name redundant. For example: 2597 GV 75 will direct a postal delivery to the International School of The Hague.

USA

Other countries allow equally precise coding. For example, in the United States, the delivery point is typically derived from the last two digits of the house number and thus (at least theoretically) allows an unambiguous identification of every address in the country.

UK

For domestic properties the postcode refers to up to 100 properties in contiguous proximity (e.g. a short section of a populous road, or a series of less populous neighbouring roads). The postcode plus the number or name of a property is not always unique, particularly in rural areas. For example GL20 8NX/1 might refer to either 1 Frampton Cottages or 1 Frampton Farm Cottages, roughly half a kilometre apart. The postcode plus the ''first line of the address'', however, is always unique (except where sub-properties occurs).

Structure is alphanumeric with the following seven valid permutations, as defined by BS 7666:

A9 9AA A9A 9AA A99 9AA A99A 9AA AA9 9AA AA9A 9AA AA99 9AA

There are always two halves: the separation between outward and inward postcodes is indicated by one space.

The outward postcode covers a unique area and has two parts which may in total be two three or four characters in length. A postcode area of one or two letters, followed by one or two numbers, followed in some parts of London by a letter.

The outward postcode and the leading numeric of the inward postcode in combination forms a postal sector, and this usually corresponds to a couple of thousand properties.

Larger businesses and isolated properties such as farms may have a unique postcode. Extremely large organisations such as larger government offices or bank headquarters may have multiple postcodes for different departments.

There are about 100 postcode areas ranging widely in size from BT which covers the whole of Northern Ireland to ZE for Shetland. Postcode areas may also cross national boundaries, such as SY which covers a large, predominantly rural area from Shrewsbury and Ludlow in Shropshire, England, through the eastern Welsh town of Welshpool, Powys in Wales to the seaside town of Aberystwyth, Ceredigion on Wales' west coast.

States and overseas territories sharing a postal code system

Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man are part of the UK postcode system. They use the scheme AAN NAA, in which the first two letters are a unique code (GY, JE and IM respectively).

Seven British overseas territories use nine postal codes: three for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and one apiece for the others. Note that the former has two ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes, and the British Antarctic Territory has none, so the number of ISO codes is seven.

Ascension Island: ASCN 1ZZ, ISO code: AC

British Antarctic Territory: BIQQ 1ZZ

British Indian Ocean Territory: BBND 1ZZ, ISO code: IO

Falkland Islands: FIQQ 1ZZ, ISO code: FK

Pitcairn Islands: PCRN 1ZZ, ISO code: PN

Saint Helena STHL 1ZZ, ISO code: SH

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: SIQQ 1ZZ, ISO code: GS

Tristan da Cunha: TDCU 1ZZ, ISO code: included under SH

Turks and Caicos Islands: TKCA 1ZZ, ISO code: TC

Two other British areas have their own systems, and use the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 prefix:

Cayman Islands: KYN-NNNN*

British Virgin Islands: VGNNNN.

French overseas territories use the five-digit French postal code system, each code starting with the three letter department identifier. Monaco also uses the French system.

Italy, San Marino and Vatican City use one system. Liechtenstein and Switzerland use one system. Slovakia and the Czech Republic base their systems on the codes of Czechoslovakia, their ranges not overlapping.

Non-geographic codes

In Finland the special postal code 99999 is for Korvatunturi, the place where Santa Claus (Joulupukki in Finnish) is said to live.

In Greenland the postal code 2412 is for Julemanden (Santa Claus)

In Canada the amount of mail sent to Santa Claus increased every Christmas, up to the point that Canada Post decided to start an official Santa Claus letter-response program in 1983. Approximately one million letters come in to Santa Claus each Christmas, including from outside of Canada, and all of them are answered in the same languages in which they are written. Canada Post introduced a special address for mail to Santa Claus, complete with its own postal code:

:SANTA CLAUS :NORTH POLE  H0H 0H0

In the United Kingdom, the non-conforming postal code GIR 0AA was used for the National Girobank until its closure in 2003.

Formats

A = letter

N = number

CC = ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code

!Country	!Introduced	ISO 3166-1 alpha-2>ISO	!Format	!Note
Afghanistan			- no codes -
			NNNNN	With Finland, first two numbers are 22.
			NNNN
			NNNNN	First two as in ISO 3166-2:DZ
	2004		CCNNN
			- no codes -
	1974, modified 1999		1974-1998 NNNN; From 1999 ANNNNAAA	Codigo Postal Argentino (CPA), where A is the province code as in ISO 3166-2:AR
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
	2006-04-01		NNNN
Ascension island			AAAANAA one code: ASCN 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
	1967		NNNN
	1966		NNNN
			CCNNNN
			NNNN
		BB	CCNNNNN
		BY	NNNNNN
		BE	NNNN	First number indicates the province. (not completely correct)
		BZ	- no codes -
		BJ	- no codes -
			NNNNN
	1972	BR	NNNNN	Código de Endereçamento Postal (CEP)
	1992	BR	NNNNNNNN (NNNNN-NNN)
British Indian Ocean Territory			AAAANAA one code: BIQQ 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
		VG	CCNNNN
			AANNNN
	1975		NNNN
			NNNNN
	1971–1975		ANA NAN	The system was gradually introduced starting in April 1971 in Ottawa
		CV	NNNN	The first digit indicates the island.
			NNNNNNN (NNN-NNNN)
			NNNNNN
			NNNNNN
	2007-03	CR	NNNNN	First codes the provinces, next two the canton, last two the district.
		HR	NNNNN
	1994-10-01	CY	NNNN
	1973	CZ	NNNNN (NNN NN)	with Slovak Republic, Poštovní směrovací číslo (PSČ) - postal routing number
	1967-09-20	DK	NNNN
	2007-12	EC	CCNNNNNN
		EG	NNNNN
		EE	NNNNN
Falkland Islands			AAAANAA one code: FIQQ 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
	1971	FI	NNNNN
	1972	FR	NNNNN	First mostly as in ISO 3166-2:FR.
			NNNN
	1941-07-25	--	NN	Postleitzahl (PLZ)
	1962	DE	NNNN	Postleitzahl (PLZ)
	1993	DE	NNNNN	Postleitzahl (PLZ)
	1983	GR	NNNNN
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
	1993		AAN NAA	UK-format postcode (first two letters are always GY not GG)
Hong Kong			- no codes -
		HU	NNNN
		IS	NNN
	1972-08-15	IN	NNNNNN,	NNN NNN	Postal Index Number (PIN)
		ID	NNNNN	Kode Pos
			NNNNN-NNNNN	کد پستی
	2004		NNNNN
			- no codes -	Alphanumeric system planned, however no known rollout date
	1993		CCN NAA, CCNN NAA	UK-format postcode
		IL	NNNNN
	1967		NNNNN	Codice di Avviamento Postale (CAP)
	1968	JP	NNNNNNN (NNN-NNNN)
	1994		CCN NAA	UK-format postcode
			NNNNNN	Reference:
		LV	CC-NNNN
	1964	LI	NNNN	With Switzerland, ordered from west to east
		LT	NNNNN	References: http://www.post.lt/en/?id=421 http://www.post.lt/en/?id=271
		LU	NNNN	References: http://www.upu.int/post_code/en/countries/LUX.pdf
Macau		MO	- no codes -
		MY	NNNNN
		MT	AAANNNN (AAA NNNN)	Kodiċi Postali
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
		MX	NNNNN
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
		MD	CCNNNN (CC-NNNN)
	1972	MC	980NN
		ME	NNNNN
	1997-01-01	MA	NNNNN
	1977	NL	NNNN AA
	2008-06	NZ	NNNN	Postcode
		NI	NNNNNN
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
	1968-03-18	NO	NNNN	From south to north
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
			NNNNNN
		PK	NNNNNN
		PY	NNNN
		PE	Alphanumeric	New National Postal Code system to be implemented in February 2011
		PH	NNNN
Pitcairn Islands			AAAANAA one code: PCRN 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
	1973	PL	NNNNN (NN-NNN)
	1976		NNNN
	1994	PT	NNNN-NNN (NNNN NNN)
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
	2003-05-01	RO	NNNNNN
	1971		NNNNNN
			NNNNN	With Italy, uses a five-digit numeric CAP of Emilia Romagna
	2005-01-01		NNNNN	Poshtanski adresni kod (PAK)
	1950		NN
	1979		NNNN
	1995		NNNNNN
	1973	SK	NNNNN (NNN NN)	with Czech Republic from west to east, Poštové smerovacie číslo (PSČ) - postal routing number
			CCNNNN (CC-NNNN)
	1975		NNNN
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands			AAAANAA one code: SIQQ 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
			NNNNNN (NNN-NNN)
	1976		NNNNN	First two indicate the province, range 01-52
			NNNNN	Reference: http://mohanjith.net/ZIPLook/
	1968-05-12		NNNNN (NNN NN)
	1964		NNNN	With Liechtenstein, ordered from west to east
			NNNNN	includes some territories administrated by Japan
	1982-02-25	TH	NNNNN	The first two specify the province, numbers as in ISO 3166-2:TH, the third and fourth digits specify a district (amphoe)
Tunisia			NNNN
Turks and Caicos Islands			AAAANAA one code: TKCA 1ZZ	UK territory, but not UK postcode
			NNNNN	The first two specify the province as in ISO 3166-2:TR
			NNNNN
	1959–1974		A(A)N(A/N)NAA (A[A]N[A/N] NAA)	Postcode, letters before the first number identify a town or district. AN NAA, ANN NAA, ANA NAA, AAN NAA, AANN NAA, AANA NAA. Complex as incorporates early non-systematic postal districts.
	1963-07-01		NNNNN (optionally NNNNN-NNNN or NNNNN-NNNNNN)	ZIP code
	1963-07-01		NNNNN	U.S. ZIP codes
			NNNNN	with Italy, uses a five-digit numeric CAP of Rome
			NNNNNN

Non-postal uses and economic aspects

While postal codes were introduced to expedite the delivery of mail, they are very useful tools for several other purposes, particularly in countries where codes are very fine-grained and identify just a few addresses. Among uses are: Finding the nearest branch of an organisation to a given address. A computer program uses the postal codes of the target address and the branches to list the closest branches in order of distance as the crow flies (or, if used in conjunction with streetmap software, road distance). This can be used by companies to inform potential customers where to go, by job centres to find jobs for job-seekers, to alert people of town planning applications in their area, and a great many other applications.

Fine-grained postal codes can be used with satellite navigation systems to navigate to an address by street number and postcode.

Geographical sales territories for representatives in the pharmaceutical industry are allocated based on a workload index that is based upon postcode.

Availability

The availability of postal code information has significant economic advantages. In some countries, the postal authorities charge for access to the code database. , the United Kingdom Government is consulting on whether to waive licensing fees for some geographical data sets (to be determined) related to UK postcodes.

See also

List of postal codes

:Category:Lists of postal codes

Mailing address format by country

References

External links

Universal Postal Union

*Addressing

*Postcodes

Reference on World Postcodes

countries postal codes Formats and list

Category:Postal system

als:Postleitzahl ar:رمز بريدي an:Codigo postal ast:Códigu postal az:Poçt indeksi bn:পোস্ট কোড be:Паштовы індэкс be-x-old:Паштовы індэкс bar:Postleitzoi bs:Poštanski broj br:Kod-post bg:Пощенски код ca:Codi postal cs:Poštovní směrovací číslo cy:Côd post da:Postnummer de:Postleitzahl el:Ταχυδρομικός κώδικας es:Código postal eo:Poŝtkodo ext:Coigu postal eu:Posta-kode fa:کد پستی fr:Code postal fy:Postkoade fur:CAP gl:Código postal ko:우편번호 hy:Փոստային ինդեքս hr:Poštanski broj id:Kodepos is:Póstnúmer it:Codice postale he:מיקוד (דואר) jv:Kodhe pos la:Numerus cursualis lv:Pasta indekss lb:Postcode lt:Pašto kodas lij:Codiçe postâ hu:Irányítószám mk:Поштенски број ms:Poskod nl:Postcode nds-nl:Postcode ja:郵便番号 no:Postnummer nn:Postnummer oc:Còde postal nds:Postleddtall pl:Kod pocztowy pt:Código postal ro:Cod poștal ru:Почтовый индекс sq:Kodi postar scn:CAP simple:Postal code sk:Poštové smerovacie číslo sl:Poštna številka v Sloveniji sr:Поштански код sh:Poštanski broj fi:Postinumero sv:Postnummer ta:அஞ்சல் குறியீடுகள் th:รหัสไปรษณีย์ tg:Нишонаи почта tr:Posta kodu uk:Поштовий індекс ur:رمزِ ڈاک vec:Codice postale vi:Mã bưu chính wa:Limero del posse vls:Postnummer wuu:邮政编码 zh:邮政编码

name	Phil Crump
nationality
birth date	February 09, 1952
birth place	Mildura, Victoria
retired	Retired
years	1971, 19721971, 1974-19761971197119711971-197319721977, 19781979-1986, 1990
career	Crewe KingsNewport WaspsWolverhampton WolvesOxford CheetahsHackney HawksKing's Lynn StarsIpswich WitchesBristol BulldogsSwindon Robins
indivhonour	Australian ChampionVictorian State ChampionNSW State Champion
indivyear	1975, 1979, 1984, 19881972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 19771979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984,1985, 1986, 19881976
teamhonour	World Team Cup
teamyear	1976 }}

Philip John "Phil" Crump (born 9 February 1952) in Mildura, Victoria is a retired Australian Motorcycle speedway rider who attained 3rd place in the 1976 World Championship. He also won the 1976 Speedway World Team Cup with Australia in the same year.

Career

Australia

Crumpy as he is known to his mates and fans, started racing speedway in his late teens at his local Mildura track Olympic Park Speedway in 1970 and would go on to have a stellar career both in Australia and overseas.

Phil Crump first won his first Australian Solo Championship in 1975 at the famous Sydney Showground Speedway. He would go on to win another three national championships in 1979 at his home track (Olympic Park), 1984, again at Olympic Park. He won his last championship in 1988 at the Riverview Speedway in Murray Bridge, South Australia. He would also finish second on five occasions (1976, 1977, 1980, 1981 and 1985) while he would finish third in the championship in 1983. Crump finished 2nd to World Champion Ole Olsen of Denmark in 1976 after the Dane was was a controversial inclusion in the Final at the Liverpool Speedway in Sydney, despite protests from other riders about his eligibility.

Crump had a stranglehold on the Victorian State Championship winning 13 titles between 1972 and 1988, winning every year except 1976, 1978, 1983 and 1987. He also took out the NSW State Championship in 1976 at the Sydney Showwground.

England

The Crump family had a home in Bristol while Phil was racing in the British League, which he started doing in 1971 with the Crewe Kings. He also rode for the Newport Wasps, Wolverhampton Wolves, Oxford Cheetahs, Hackney Hawks, King's Lynn Stars, Ipswich Witches, Bristol Bulldogs and Swindon Robins during his British career.

International Career

Phil Crump rode in three World Finals during his career. His first appearance in a World Final was at the famous Wembley Stadium in 1975 where he scored 10 points to finish in 6th place. He achieved his best placing at the Silesian Stadium in Chorzów, Poland in 1976 when he finished in third place on 12 points behind English pair Peter Collins and Malcolm Simmons. Crump's final World Final appearance was in 1982 when he finished in a disappointing 14th place at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

Crump was a member of the Australian team that won the 1976 Speedway World Team Cup along with Billy Sanders, Garry Middleton, Phil Herne and team captain John Boulger.

Teaming with John Boulger, Phil Crump would finish in second place in the 1974 Speedway World Pairs Championship held at the Hyde Road Stadium in Manchester. In 1975 they teamed again to finish in fifth place. Crump would team with Billy Sanders to finish in fourth place in 1976 and seventh in 1977. He teamed with Queenslands John Titman to again finish fourth in 1979 and another Qld rider in Steve Regeling to finish sixth in 1985 and ninth in 1986. The 1986 World Pairs Championship was Phil Crump's last appearance in a World Final as a rider,

World Final Appearances

1975 - London, Wembley Stadium - 6th - 10pts 1976 - Chorzów, Silesian Stadium - 3rd - 12pts 1982 - Los Angeles, Memorial Coliseum - 14th - 4pts

Speedway World Pairs Championship

1974 - Manchester, Hyde Road (With - John Boulger) - 2nd - 23pts (14) 1975 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (With - John Boulger) - 5th - 19pts (10) 1976 - Eskilstuna, Eskilstuna Motorstadion (With - Billy Sanders) - 4th - 16pts (10) 1977 - Manchester, Hyde Road (With - Billy Sanders) - 7th - 12pts (10) 1979 - Vojens, Vojens Speedway Center (With - John Titman) - 4th - 19pts (13) 1985 - Rybnik, Rybnik Municipal Stadium (With - Steve Regeling) - 6th - 11pts (5) 1986 - Pocking, Rottalstadion (With - Steve Regeling) - 9th - 15pts (10)

Speedway World Team Cup

1976 - London, White City Stadium (With - Billy Sanders / Phil Herne / John Boulger / Garry Middleton) - Winner - 31pts (11)

Personal Life

Phil Crump is the father of three time (2004, 2006 and 2009) World Speedway Champion Jason Crump. Crump senior was riding for the Newport Wasps speedway team when Jason was born.

He is currently a senior member of Jason's Speedway Grand Prix support team and is a highly regarded engine tuner, like his father in law Neil Street, also a speedway rider in his time.

References

External links

Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:Australian speedway riders Category:People from Mildura Category:Swindon Robins riders Category:Newport Wasps riders Category:Crewe Kings riders Category:Bristol Bulldogs riders

pl:Phil Crump

name	Peter Høeg Gade
birth name	Peter Gade Christensen
birth date	December 14, 1976
birth place	Aalborg, Denmark
height
weight
event	Men's singles
highest ranking	1
date of highest ranking	October 28, 1997
current ranking	3
date of current ranking	July 14 ,2011
country
handedness	Right
medal templates	}}

| bwf_id = D5745F12-D4EC-4638-B380-0E7EB18419F8 }}

Peter Høeg Gade (born December 14, 1976 in Aalborg, Denmark), born Peter Gade Christensen, is a Danish professional badminton player. He currently resides near Charlottenlund in Copenhagen with his wife, accomplished handball player Camilla Høeg. Together they have a daughter, Nanna, born in 2004.

Gade has made his mark in badminton history through his All England Open Badminton Championships singles title in 1999 and his four European Championships crowns in the men's single event. The Dane topped the world rankings from 1998 to 2001. With his 16 Grand-Prix titles, he has become one of the most successful players of all time. Into his 30s, Gade remains very active on the international circuit. On June 22, 2006, he briefly recaptured the number one spot in the world rankings. This was achieved after winning the Singapore Open and reaching the quarter-final at the Malaysia Open.

Player attributes

His playing style is known for fast attacks, smooth footwork and constant pressure. His deception is particularly creative for a world badminton player, and he uses a widely recognised and highly successful "trademark shot" (the so-called "double action" of the racket sends the shuttle to the back of the court, while aiming to bring the player towards the net). With a plethora of deceptive shots, he has been known to win points from more outrageous attempts, such as the reverse forehand (using the opposite side of the racket head to the one anticipated, to make contact with the shuttlecock at a radically different angle).

Career highlights

International Tournament wins

''Mens' singles unless otherwise noted''

1994—World-Junior-Champion in men's doubles (partner Peder Nissen)

1995—Scottish Open, European-Junior-Championships

1997—German Open, Taiwan Open, Hong Kong Open

1998—Japan Open, Swiss Open, Danish Open, Malaysian Open, European Championships

1999—All England Open Badminton Championships, Ipoh Masters, Copenhagen Masters, Japan Open, World GrandPrix

2000—Korea Open, Danish Open, Taiwan Open, European Championships, Copenhagen Masters

2001—Copenhagen Masters, Korea Open

2002—US Open, Copenhagen Masters

2004—European Championships, Copenhagen Masters

2005—Korea Open, Copenhagen Masters

2006—European Championships, Aviva Singapore Open, Copenhagen Masters

2007—Malaysian Open, Copenhagen Masters

2008—Denmark Open, French Open, Copenhagen Masters

2009—Korea Open

2010—European Championships, Copenhagen Masters

BWF Super Series

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: right; font-size:90%" !colspan=2|Legend |- |1 |Winner |- |2 |Runner-up |- |SF |Semi-finalist |- |QF |Quarter-finalist |- |R2 |Last 16 |- |R1 |Last 32 |- |Q |Qualification |- |DNP |Did not play |}

2010

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" !Player !MAS (Jan) !KOR (Jan) !ENG (Mar) !SUI (Mar) !SIN (May) !INA (Jun) !CHN (Sept) !JPN (Sept) !DEN (Oct) !FRA (Nov) !CHN (Dec) !HKG (Dec) !Points |- | Peter Gade |(2) Lost to Lee Chong Wei 12-21 11-21 |(SF) Lost to Boonsak Ponsana 21-11 12-21 16-21 |(SF) Went down 17-21 14-21 against Lee Chong Wei |(SF) Went down 20-22 17-21 against Chen Long |(SF) Lost to Boonsak Ponsana 22-20 17-21 16-21 |DNP |DNP |(SF) Went down 11-21 19-21 against Lin dan |Walkover in the first round |(SF) Lost to Joachim Persson 14-21 21-16 17-21 |DNP |DNP (WITHDRAW) | |} 2010 BWF Super Series - Men Single's Standings

2009

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" !Player !MAS !KOR !ENG !SUI !SIN !INA !CHN !JPN !DEN !FRA !CHN !HKG !Points |- | Peter Gade |SF |1 |QF | | | | | |QF |SF | |2 |15,620 |} 2009 BWF Super Series - Men Single's Standings

2008

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" !Player !MAS !KOR !ENG !SUI !SIN !INA !CHN !JPN !DEN !FRA !CHN !HKG !Points |- | Peter Gade |DNP |SF |DNP |DNP |SF |R2 |DNP |R1 |1 |1 |R2 |R2 |45,240 |} 2008 BWF Super Series - Men Single's Standings

2007

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" !Player !MAS !KOR !ENG !SUI !SIN !INA !CHN !JPN !DEN !FRA !CHN !HKG !Points |- | Peter Gade |1 |DNP |R1 |SF |SF |QF |R2 |QF |R2 |QF |QF |QF |54,440 |} 2007 BWF Super Series - Men Single's Standings

Olympics

Peter Gade has represented Denmark in Badminton Singles for the two previous summer Olympics (2000 and 2004). Gade reached the semifinals in 2000 Summer Olympics, where he lost to eventual gold medalist Ji Xinpeng of China. In the bronze medal match, he lost to another Chinese player, Xia Xuanze. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in men's singles, he defeated Chien Yu-Hsiu of Chinese Taipei and Nikhil Kanetkar of India in the first two rounds. However, in the quarterfinals, Gade was defeated by the eventual champion, Taufik Hidayat of Indonesia 15–12, 15–12.

Gade stated that one of his final career goals would be a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In an interview, he indicated that it might be one of his final big tournaments although not ruling out the possibility of continuing his career after the games. He was planning to retire after the Beijing Olympics and begin coaching badminton. Gade won his first match in the 2008 Beijing Olympics in round two after defeating Nabil Lasmari 21-6, 21-4. In the third round Gade faced Shoji Sato. Gade was nearly beaten after losing the first set 21-19 and Shoji Sato having 2 matchpoints in the second with the score at 18-20. However Gade ultimately won the set 22-20. Gade thereafter won the third set 21-15. Gade lost in straight sets to Chinese champion Lin Dan in the quarter-final. Interestingly, Gade lost to the eventual winner in all three Olympic contests he entered. Furthermore, he was the closest to beating them in the eventual winners' tournament path in all 3 instances.

Other

Danish National Champion: 2000, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010

Runner up of the 2008 BWF Super Series Masters Finals

Medals at World Championships: Silver (2001) and Bronze (1999,2005,2010 and 2011)

Equipment

Rackets

Yonex Voltric 80

Yonex Arcsaber 10 PG

Yonex Arcsaber 10

Yonex Armortec 700

Yonex Muscle Power 88

Yonex Muscle Power 77

Yonex Isometric Slim 10

Shoes

Yonex SHB-98MX

Yonex SHB-100 MX

Yonex SHB-91 M

Honors

Special Award of the DBF 2006

IBF World Badminton Player of the year 1998

References

External links

Official site

BWF Profile: Peter Gade Badminton World Federation

DBF Profile Danmarks Badminton Forbund

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:Danish badminton players Category:Olympic badminton players of Denmark Category:Badminton players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Badminton players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Badminton players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:People from Aalborg

da:Peter Gade de:Peter Gade es:Peter Gade fr:Peter Gade id:Peter Gade ms:Peter Gade ja:ピーター・ゲード・クリステンセン no:Peter Gade pl:Peter Gade pt:Peter Gade ru:Гаде, Петер fi:Peter Gade sv:Peter Gade zh:彼得·盖德

name	William Fox-Pitt
fullname	William Speed Lane Fox-Pitt
nationality
discipline	Eventing
birth date	January 02, 1969
birth place	Hampstead
medaltemplates	}}

}}

William Speed Lane Fox-Pitt (born 2 January 1969, Hampstead), known as William Fox-Pitt, is an English equestrian. He has had notable successes at the Burghley, Badminton, Blenheim and Bramham Horse Trials. He first won the British Open Championships at Gatcombe Park in 1995 and his career highlights include an Olympic team Silver Medal at the Summer Olympic Games at Athens in 2004 and a Team Gold Medal and Individual Silver medal at the World Equestrian Games at Kentucky in 2010.

Life

Educated at Eton and the University of London, Fox-Pitt began riding at age four, and started eventing at age 15. He was born into an equestrian family, with both parents having ridden around Badminton and Burghley and his siblings having been very successful as well. He holds, with Ginny Elliott and Mark Todd, the record for the most wins (five) at the Burghley Horse Trials; William's victories coming in 1994, 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2008. Additional major wins have been at the Badminton Horse Trials in 2004, at Gatcombe Park in 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2005, and team golds in European Championships in 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003 , 2005 and 2009. He also represented Great Britain at the Atlanta, Athens and Beijing Olympics, winning team silver in Athens and team bronze in Beijing. As of 2006, he was ranked the leading rider in Britain for the sixth year running and 2nd in the world. William is married to Channel 4 Racing presenter Alice Plunkett. They have two sons, Oliver who was born in August 2005 and Thomas, born 15 November 2006. William is a regular columnist in the weekly equestrian magazine, Horse & Hound.

In the Eventing world, one of his best known partnerships is with the horse Tamarillo.

Career highlights

2010

1st Rolex Kentucky Three Day CCI **** (Cool Mountain)

1st Team Event FEI World Equestrian Games Kentucky (Cool Mountain)

2008

1st Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Tamarillo)

2nd Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

3rd Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

1st Bramham Horse Trials CCI*** (Navigator)

1st Luhmühlen Horse Trials CCI **** (Macchiato)

2007

1st Bramham Horse Trials CCI*** (Macchiato)

1st Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Parkmore Ed)

1st Blair CCI*** (Macchiato)

5th Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

2006

9th Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

11th Luhmühlen Horse Trials CCI **** (Birthday Night)

1st Hartpary CCI*** (Moon Man)

15th Aachen WEG **** (Tamarillo)

3rd Blenheim Horse Trials CCI*** (Parkmore Ed)

6th Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

2005

1st Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Ballincoola)

1st Boekelo Horse Trials CCI*** (Mr. Dumbledore)

2nd Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Tamarillo)

1st Bramham Horse Trials CCI*** (Mr. Dumbledore)

2nd Bramham Horse Trials CCI*** (Idalgo)

1st Gatcombe British Open (Moon Man)

Team gold and individual silver at the European Championships (Tamarillo)

Winner of the British Eventing Premier League

2004

1st Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Tamarillo)

4th Rolex Kentucky Three Day CCI **** (Ballincoola)

7th Fontainebleau (Stunning)

Team silver at the Athens Olympics (Tamarillo)

2003

5th Le Lion d’Angers (Idalgo)

8th Le Lion d’Angers (Igor de Cluis)

1st Boekelo (Tom Cruise)

Team gold and 8th individual European Championships, Punchestown, Ireland (Moon Man)

1st CIC World Cup Qualifier, Thirlestane Castle (Stunning)

1st British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Stunning)

2nd British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Moon Man)

1st British Intermediate Championships, Gatcombe Park (Tom Cruise II)

1st Luhmühlen Horse Trials CIC *** (Tom Cruise II)

1st Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Wallow)

2nd Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Ballincoola)

7th Saumur (Coastal Ties)

1st Chatsworth CIC World Cup Qualifier (Stunning)

3rd Rolex Kentucky Three Day CCI **** (Moon Man)

2002

Team bronze World Equestrian Games, Jerez, Spain (Tamarillo)

1st Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Highland Lad)

7th Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Moon Man)

4th Boekelo (Stunning)

3rd British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Moon Man)

4th British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Stunning)

4th Rolex Kentucky Three Day CCI **** (Stunning)

2nd Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Tamarillo)

6th Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Highland Lad)

8th Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Just A Sovereign)

2001

5th and Team gold European Champs, Pau, France (Stunning)

4th Bonn Roderberg CCIO (Barclay Square)

4th Saumur (Stunning)

9th Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Springleaze Macaroo)

2000

1st British Open Champs, Gatcombe Park (Moon Man)

1st Blenheim Horse Trials CCI *** (Stunning)

2nd Blenheim Horse Trials CCI *** (Tamarillo)

1999

2nd Achselschwang (Moon Man)

7th Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Moon Man)

1997

Individual silver and Team gold European Open Championships, Burghley (Cosmopolitan II)

2nd Scottish Open Championships, Thirlestane Castle (Cosmopolitan II)

3rd Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Cosmopolitan II)

1996

5th Olympic Games Team Competition, Atlanta, USA (Cosmopolitan II)

6th Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Lismore Lord Charles)

5th Boekelo (Mostly Mischief)

1995

6th and Team gold European Open Championships, Pratoni del Vivaro, Italy (Cosmopolitan II)

1st Bramham Horse Trials CCI *** (Cosmopolitan II)

1st British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Chaka)

6th Blenheim Horse Trials CCI *** (Loch Alan)

5th Boekelo (Faerie Diadem)

1994

1st Burghley Horse Trials CCI **** (Chaka)

2nd Scottish Open Championships, Thirlestane Castle (Chaka)

7th Punchestown (Thomastown)

2nd British Open Championships, Gatcombe Park (Chaka)

1993

7th Badminton Horse Trials CCI **** (Chaka)

1990

4th and Team gold Young Rider European Championships (Steadfast)

3rd Young Rider National Championships (Faerie Sovereign)

1989

Individual bronze and Team silver Young Rider European Championships, Achselschwang, Germany

1988

4th and Team gold Young Rider European Championships, Zonhoven, Belgium (Steadfast)

1987

Individual silver Junior European Championships, Pratoni del Vivaro, Italy (Steadfast)

5th Junior National Championships

1985

8th Junior National Championships 1985

Gallery

{| |- | |- | |- | |- |+''William Fox-Pitt on Idalgo clears the Cottesmore Leap at Burghley Horse Trials, 2006'' |}

References

Websites

William Fox-Pitt Official Website

Category:British equestrians Category:Event riders Category:Old Etonians Category:Alumni of the University of London Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Great Britain Category:Olympic silver medalists for Great Britain Category:Equestrians at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Equestrians at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic equestrians of Great Britain Category:Olympic medalists in equestrian

fr:William Fox-Pitt it:William Fox-Pitt uk:Вільям Фокс-Пітт